PRESENT PREFECT TENSE

1. Digunakan
        Menyatakan suatu pengalaman (experience)
        Menyatakan suatu perubahan atau informasi terbaru (change and new information)
        Menyatakan suatu situasi yang berkelanjutan (continuing situation)

2. Pola Kalimat
Kalimat Verbal
        ( + ) Positive Sentences
Subject  + have / has + Verb 3 + Object
        ( - )  Negative Sentences
Subject  + have not / has not  + Verb 3 + Object
        ( ? ) Interrogative Sentences
  Have / Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object ?

3. Contoh Kalimat Verbal
        She already ( learn ) English grammar
       ( + ) She has already learnt English grammar
        ( - ) She has not  already learnt English grammar
        ( ? ) Has she already learnt English grammar ?

4. Kalimat Non Verbal
        ( + ) Positive Sentences
Subject  + have been / has been + Compliment
        ( - ) Negative Sentences
Subject  + have  not  been / has not been + Compliment
        ( ? ) Interrogative Sentences
Have / Has + Subject + been + Compliment ?

5. Contoh Kalimat Non Verbal
        I (be ) here for 20 minutes
        ( + ) I have been here for 20 minutes
        ( -  ) I have not been  here for 20 minutes
         ( ? ) Have I been here for 20 minutes ?

3. Time Signal / Keterangan
Once = satu kali
Twice = dua kali
Many times = banyak kali
Already         = sudah
Since = sejak
For         = selama

4. Penggunaan For and Since
For untuk menyatakan suatu periode waktu ( a period of time )
        For 5 minutes , for 2 weeks , for 6 years.
Since untuk berbicara tentang titik waktu masa lalu ( a point in past time )
        Since 9 o’clock , Since 1 st January , Since Monday

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Digunakan

• Tindakan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang

• Rencana di masa depan yang sudah pasti waktunya

• Kejadian di waktu sedang berbicara dan tindakan yang berlangsung hanya untuk jangka waktu yang singkat.

2. Pola Kalimat

• (+) Positive Sentences

Subject + is / am / are + V-ing + O

• ( - ) Negative Sentences

Subject  + is not / am not / are not + V-ing + O

• (?) Interrogative Sentences

Is / Am / Are + Subject + V-ing + O ?

3. Contoh Kalimat Present Continuons Tense

• She ( play ) badminton

( + ) She is playing badminton

(  - ) She is not playing badminton

( ? ) Is she playing badminton ?

• They ( read ) magazine

( + ) They are reading magazine

( -  ) They are not reading magazine

( ? )  Are they reading magazine ?

• I ( sleep ) in the bedroom now

( + ) I am sleeping in the bedroom now

(  - ) I am not sleeping in the bedroom now

( ? ) Am I sleeping in the bedroom now ?

4. Time Signal/Keterangan Waktu

• Now = sekarang

• Right now = sekarang juga ( dalam percakapan)

• At present         = pada waktu ini

• At this moment = pada saat ini

• Today = hari ini

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1.     Digunakan

·         Untuk Menunjukkan/Menjelaskan adanya kegiatan yang sering terjadi secara berulang-ulang

·         Sering dilakukan /setiap hari.

·         Merupakan suatu kebiasaan serta hal-hal yang memang sudah ada ketentuannya(kebenaran umum)

2.     Pola Kalimat

a.      Kalimat Verbal

(a)    Positive Sentences  (+)

Subject  +  Verb 1 + s/es + Object 

(b)   Negative Sentences ( - )

Subject  + does not/do not + Verb 1 + Object            

(c)    Interrogative Sentences( ? )

Does/do  +  S ubject  + Verb 1 + Object ?                      

b.      Contoh Kalimat Verbal

(a)    She (go) to Campus everyday.

(+ ) She goes to Campus everyday

( - ) She  does not go to Campus everyday

( ? ) Does she go to Campus everyday ?

(b)   You (go) to school 6 days in a week.

( + ) You go to school 6 days in a week

( -  ) You do not go to school 6 days in a week

( ? ) Do you go to school 6 days in a week ?

c.       Kalimat Non Verbal

(a)    Positive Sentences ( + )

Subject  +  am / is / are + Compliment

(b)   Negative Sentences ( - )

Subject +  am not / is not / are not  + Compliment

(c)    Interrogative Sentences ( ? )

Am / Is / Are  +  Subject  +  Compliment ?

d.      Contoh Kalimat Non Verbal

(a)    You ( ) student

( +) You are a student

( - ) You are not a Student

( ? )Are you a student ?

3.     Time Signal/ Keterangan Waktu

·         Always               = selalu

·         As a rule             = lazimnya

·         Generally            = umumnya

·         Normally            = biasanya

·         Usually               = biasanya

·         Often                 = seringkali

·         Never                = tidak pernah

·         Regularly           = secara tetap

·         Sometimes         = kadang-kadang