1. Digunakan
Menyatakan suatu pengalaman (experience)
Menyatakan suatu perubahan atau informasi terbaru (change and new information)
Menyatakan suatu situasi yang berkelanjutan (continuing situation)
2. Pola Kalimat
Kalimat Verbal
( + ) Positive Sentences
Subject + have / has + Verb 3 + Object
( - ) Negative Sentences
Subject + have not / has not + Verb 3 + Object
( ? ) Interrogative Sentences
Have / Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object ?
3. Contoh Kalimat Verbal
She already ( learn ) English grammar
( + ) She has already learnt English grammar
( - ) She has not already learnt English grammar
( ? ) Has she already learnt English grammar ?
4. Kalimat Non Verbal
( + ) Positive Sentences
Subject + have been / has been + Compliment
( - ) Negative Sentences
Subject + have not been / has not been + Compliment
( ? ) Interrogative Sentences
Have / Has + Subject + been + Compliment ?
5. Contoh Kalimat Non Verbal
I (be ) here for 20 minutes
( + ) I have been here for 20 minutes
( - ) I have not been here for 20 minutes
( ? ) Have I been here for 20 minutes ?
3. Time Signal / Keterangan
Once = satu kali
Twice = dua kali
Many times = banyak kali
Already = sudah
Since = sejak
For = selama
4. Penggunaan For and Since
For untuk menyatakan suatu periode waktu ( a period of time )
For 5 minutes , for 2 weeks , for 6 years.
Since untuk berbicara tentang titik waktu masa lalu ( a point in past time )
Since 9 o’clock , Since 1 st January , Since Monday