PRESENT PREFECT TENSE

1. Digunakan
        Menyatakan suatu pengalaman (experience)
        Menyatakan suatu perubahan atau informasi terbaru (change and new information)
        Menyatakan suatu situasi yang berkelanjutan (continuing situation)

2. Pola Kalimat
Kalimat Verbal
        ( + ) Positive Sentences
Subject  + have / has + Verb 3 + Object
        ( - )  Negative Sentences
Subject  + have not / has not  + Verb 3 + Object
        ( ? ) Interrogative Sentences
  Have / Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object ?

3. Contoh Kalimat Verbal
        She already ( learn ) English grammar
       ( + ) She has already learnt English grammar
        ( - ) She has not  already learnt English grammar
        ( ? ) Has she already learnt English grammar ?

4. Kalimat Non Verbal
        ( + ) Positive Sentences
Subject  + have been / has been + Compliment
        ( - ) Negative Sentences
Subject  + have  not  been / has not been + Compliment
        ( ? ) Interrogative Sentences
Have / Has + Subject + been + Compliment ?

5. Contoh Kalimat Non Verbal
        I (be ) here for 20 minutes
        ( + ) I have been here for 20 minutes
        ( -  ) I have not been  here for 20 minutes
         ( ? ) Have I been here for 20 minutes ?

3. Time Signal / Keterangan
Once = satu kali
Twice = dua kali
Many times = banyak kali
Already         = sudah
Since = sejak
For         = selama

4. Penggunaan For and Since
For untuk menyatakan suatu periode waktu ( a period of time )
        For 5 minutes , for 2 weeks , for 6 years.
Since untuk berbicara tentang titik waktu masa lalu ( a point in past time )
        Since 9 o’clock , Since 1 st January , Since Monday